Vietnam

Vietnam.
Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam

Last updated: March 2026 · MobilitySQR Country Guide

Assignment Types:
BT · Business Travel ST · Short Term <6 mo MT · Mid Term ≤1 yr LT · Long Term 1+ yr ALL · All Types
Contents
🌐

01 — Country Snapshot

Official Name
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Capital
Hanoi
Largest City
Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)
Population
~98 million
Currency
Vietnamese Dong (VND)
Official Language
Vietnamese
Time Zone
UTC+7 (ICT)
Government Type
One-party Communist State
Emergency
Police 113 · Ambulance 115 · Fire 114
📋

02 — Quick-Reference Matrix

Visa CategoryDurationWork AuthorizationApprox. Cost (USD)Tags
E-Visa (Online)30, 90 daysNot included$25–$35BT ST
Tourist Visa30, 90 daysNot included$50–$100BT ST
Business Visa30, 90 days, 1 yearNot included (requires separate permit)$100–$250BT MT
Temporary Residence Card (TRC)1–3 yearsYes, with Work Permit$50–$150MT LT
Work Permit1 year (renewable)Yes, employer-specific$150–$300MT LT
Business Registration (Company)OngoingYes (for employees)$200–$500LT
🛂

03 — Immigration & Visas

E-Visa (Recommended for Short Stays) BT ST

Vietnam offers a convenient online E-Visa for tourism and business visits. Valid for 30 or 90 days (single entry).

Apply online at the official Vietnamese government portal
Processing time: 3 business days (express 1-day available)
Cost: $25–$35 USD
Requires valid passport (6+ months validity) and a digital photo (4x6 cm, white background)
Entry/exit via designated airports & border crossings only

Temporary Residence Card (TRC) MT LT

Required for stays exceeding 90 days. Obtained through the provincial Immigration Department.

Valid for 1–3 years (renewable)
Application at Immigration Department (local province)
Requires employer sponsorship (if employed) or rental contract
Cost: $50–$150 USD; processing: 7–14 days
Documents: Passport, photos, rental/employment contract

Work Permit MT LT

Mandatory for foreign employment in Vietnam. Employer must apply with the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids & Social Affairs (MOLISA).

Valid for 12 months (renewable); employer-specific and non-transferable
Processing: 7–15 working days; cost: $150–$300 USD (employer pays)
Requires: Job offer, TRC, education certificates (Bachelor’s degree or higher preferred)
Must obtain TRC before or concurrently with work permit
Escalation: Illegal employment (working without a valid work permit) carries significant penalties for both the employee and employer, including fines and deportation. Ensure all documentation is in order before commencing work.

Visa-Free Entry BT

Citizens of certain countries (e.g., ASEAN member states, Japan, South Korea) enjoy visa-free entry for 14–90 days depending on nationality. Check current bilateral agreements before travel.

💰

04 — Tax Obligations

Personal Income Tax (PIT) MT LT

Progressive tax system with marginal rates ranging from 5% to 35% on earned income.

Tax rates: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% (progressive brackets)
Standard deduction: ~11 million VND/month (~$440 USD)
Filing deadline: Annually by March 30
Withholding: Employer withholds and remits tax monthly
Residents taxed on Vietnamese and foreign-source income; non-residents on Vietnam-source income only

183-Day Tax Residency Rule MT LT

Residency status for tax purposes is determined by physical presence in Vietnam.

Present ≥183 days in a calendar year = tax resident (taxed on all income)
Present <183 days = non-resident (taxed only on Vietnam-source income)
Days are counted for each day spent in Vietnam, including partial days

Corporate Income Tax (CIT) LT

Standard rate: 20%
Preferential rate: 10% (certain sectors/special economic zones)
Filing: Quarterly provisional payments; annual return by March 30

Value Added Tax (VAT) LT

Standard rate: 10%
Reduced rate: 5% (specific goods); 0% (exports)
Filing: Monthly or quarterly depending on turnover

Tax Residency Certificate (TRC) MT LT

Important document for declaring Vietnamese income abroad or claiming tax treaty benefits.

Issued by local Tax Department (Cơ quan Thuế)
Required for: opening bank accounts, international transfers, tax treaty claims
Processing time: 5–10 business days; valid for one calendar year
Tax Treaties: Double taxation agreements exist with 70+ countries. Consult a qualified tax advisor to optimize residency status, treaty benefits, and filing obligations.
💼

05 — Employment Law

Employment Contracts MT LT

Required: written contract in Vietnamese (English translation acceptable alongside)
Must specify: job title, salary, benefits, working hours, and termination terms
Contract terms: Probationary (max 3 months), fixed-term (1–3 years), or indefinite
Registration with local Labor Department (bàn giao) recommended

Working Hours & Leave MT LT

Standard working week: 40–48 hours (typically 40 for white-collar roles)
Overtime: Permitted with prior agreement; paid at 150% (normal days) or 300% (Sundays)
Annual leave: Minimum 12 days (increases with seniority)
Sick leave: Paid (30 days/year if hospitalized; 3 days if not)
Maternity/Paternity: 4–6 months paid for mothers; 5 days for fathers

Minimum Wage (Regional) MT LT

Varies by region and is adjusted annually (typically January 1).

Region I (HCMC, Hanoi): ~3.25 million VND/month (~$130 USD)
Region II: ~2.89 million VND/month
Region III: ~2.56 million VND/month
Region IV (rural): ~2.28 million VND/month

Termination & Severance MT LT

Probationary termination: Allowed without cause (3-day notice required)
Contract termination: Requires written notice (14–30 days) or severance pay in lieu
Severance: 0.5 months’ salary per year of service (minimum 1 month)
Unemployment benefits: Available at 25% of average salary for up to 3 months
🏥

06 — Healthcare

Healthcare System Overview ALL

Vietnam has a mixed healthcare system combining public and private sectors. Quality varies significantly; major cities (HCMC, Hanoi) offer modern international-standard facilities.

Public healthcare: subsidized for residents; limited English-language services
Private healthcare: international standards; more expensive; English-speaking staff
International clinics: available in HCMC & Hanoi (FV Hospital, Raffles, Family Medical Practice)
Pharmacies: abundant; many medications available over the counter

Insurance & Registration MT LT

Mandatory: Social Health Insurance (part of the social security system)
Private insurance: available through international providers (AIA, Prudential, BUPA)
Registration: required at assigned public health facility (local commune level)
Coverage: ~70–80% of public hospital costs; copays apply

Vaccinations & Health Requirements ALL

Recommended vaccinations: Hepatitis A/B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis; maintain dengue awareness
Medical exam: required for Work Permit application (includes HIV test)

Common Health Concerns ALL

Dengue fever, typhoid, Japanese encephalitis (seasonal; peak May–October)
Air quality: poor in major cities during winter months (October–March)
Heat & humidity: a significant health concern; stay well hydrated outdoors
Sanitation: improving but exercise caution with street food and tap water
🔒

07 — Social Security

Social Insurance Contributions MT LT

Mandatory three-pillar system: Social Insurance, Health Insurance, and Unemployment Insurance.

Employee contribution: 10.5% (social insurance only)
Employer contribution: 21.5% (comprised of: 17.5% social, 2.75% health, 1.25% unemployment)
Health Insurance: 2% employee + 3.5% employer
Unemployment Insurance: 1% employee + 1% employer

Pension System LT

Eligibility: minimum 20 years of contributions (25 for women, 30 for men)
Retirement age: 60 (men), 55 (women); being raised gradually
Monthly pension: approximately 10–45% of average salary, based on contribution years

Unemployment Insurance MT LT

Eligibility: 12 months of contributions and involuntary job loss
Duration: maximum 3 months of benefits
Benefit rate: 25% of average salary

Foreign Nationals & Social Security MT LT

Mandatory enrollment: all employed foreign nationals in Vietnam
Registration: via employer with the local Social Insurance branch
Benefits: limited pension entitlement (20+ years) or lump-sum refund upon departure
📊

08 — Cost of Living

Monthly Budget Estimates (USD, Single Person) ST MT LT

CategoryBudget (Low)Budget (Comfortable)Budget (High)
Accommodation (1-bed apartment)$400–$600$800–$1,200$1,500–$2,500+
Food (groceries & dining)$150–$250$250–$450$450–$800+
Transportation$30–$50$60–$120$150–$300+
Utilities (electricity, water, internet)$50–$80$80–$150$150–$250+
Healthcare & Insurance$50–$100$150–$300$400–$800+
Entertainment & Miscellaneous$100–$150$200–$350$400–$800+

Accommodation Costs (Monthly, USD) ST MT LT

HCMC (District 1, 7, Binh Thanh): $700–$2,000+ for a 1-bedroom
Hanoi (Tay Ho, Ba Dinh, Hoan Kiem): $600–$1,800+ for a 1-bedroom
Outside expat zones: $300–$600 for a 1-bedroom
Serviced apartments: $800–$2,500+ (includes amenities); deposits typically 2–3 months’ rent

Food & Dining ALL

Street food meal: $1–$3 USD
Local restaurant meal: $2–$8 USD
International or upscale dining: $10–$40+ USD
Groceries (monthly): $80–$200 USD

Transportation ALL

Motorbike taxi (Grab): $0.50–$3 USD per trip
Local bus: $0.15–$0.50 USD per trip
Motorbike rental: $40–$80 USD/month
Car rental with driver: $600–$1,500+ USD/month
🛡️

09 — Safety & Security

Overall Safety Profile ALL

Vietnam is generally safe for tourists and expats. Violent crime is rare; petty theft is the primary concern in urban areas.

Crime rate: low violent crime; moderate petty theft in tourist areas
Safe expat zones: District 1, 2, 7 in HCMC; Ba Dinh, Tay Ho, Hoan Kiem in Hanoi
Avoid late-night travel in unfamiliar or isolated areas
Use Grab or reliable licensed taxis for transportation

Road Safety ST MT LT

Traffic is chaotic; accidents are common; exercise extreme caution as a pedestrian or rider
International Driving Permit required if renting any vehicle
Helmet law: mandatory for all motorbike riders (including passengers)
Vehicle insurance: highly recommended; car/motorbike rental typically includes basic coverage

Cyber & Financial Security ALL

ATM fraud: use bank ATMs only; avoid standalone street ATMs
Counterfeit currency: check bills carefully; common with street vendors and markets
Online banking: use a reputable VPN when accessing accounts on public Wi-Fi
SIM cards: registration with passport is required; use prepaid if staying temporarily

Natural Disasters & Health Threats ALL

Typhoons: June–November (primarily central and northern regions)
Flooding: September–October (seasonal, particularly in HCMC low-lying areas)
Dengue fever: year-round; peak May–October
Air quality: poor in winter (October–March); N95 masks recommended on high-pollution days
ServiceNumber
Police113
Ambulance115
Fire114
Tourism Police (HCMC)+84-8-3822-1234
📦

10 — Relocation Logistics

Household Goods & Shipping MT LT

International movers available; cost: $3,000–$15,000+ depending on volume and origin
Shipping: air (3–7 days, expensive) or sea (3–6 weeks, economical)
Customs clearance: required; 3–7 working days; costs apply
Electronics may attract 40%+ import duty; declare all goods accurately
Restricted items: firearms, certain medications; large cash declarations required

Banking & Financial Setup MT LT

Major banks: Vietcombank, Techcombank, BIDV, ACB widely available with expat services
Requirements: Passport, TRC, proof of address, tax ID number; processing 3–5 working days
International transfers available; fees and limits apply
Debit and credit cards widely accepted in cities; cash essential in rural areas

Accommodation Hunting ST MT LT

Online platforms: Facebook expat groups, Airbnb, Booking.com, local property agents
Agent commission: typically 1–2 months’ rent; lease terms usually 12 months
Deposits: 2–3 months’ rent (refundable on move-out if no damage)
Walkthrough on arrival is critical; document all pre-existing damages in writing

Utilities & Services Setup MT LT

Electricity: local power company; deposit ~1–2 months’ estimated usage
Fiber internet available in cities (FPT, Viettel): $10–$20/month
Mobile SIM: Viettel, MobiFone, VinaPhone; passport required; plans from $2–$15/month
Garbage collection usually included in building maintenance fee

Vehicle Registration & Driving MT LT

Motorbike: can be purchased used ($500–$2,000); registration via district transport office
Car ownership: foreign nationals may own 1 car; complex process; legal advice recommended
International Driving Permit acceptable; Vietnamese license obtainable through local authority
Third-party insurance: mandatory; minimum ~$50,000 USD coverage
📞

11 — Key Contacts & Resources

Government Offices ALL

Immigration Department (HCMC): 54 Nguyen Hue Blvd, Dist. 1 | +84-8-3822-3632
Immigration Department (Hanoi): 48 Hang Bai St., Hoan Kiem | +84-24-3935-6682
Ministry of Labor, War Invalids & Social Affairs (MOLISA): molisa.gov.vn
General Department of Taxation: gdt.gov.vn

International Healthcare ALL

FV Hospital (HCMC): 6 Nguyen Luong Bang, Dist. 7 | +84-8-5411-3333
Raffles Medical (HCMC): 171–175 Nguyen Hue Blvd, Dist. 1 | +84-8-3823-8888
Hanoi French Hospital: 1 Phuong Mai, Dong Da, Hanoi | +84-24-3574-0740

Business Chambers & Expat Communities MT LT

British Chamber of Commerce (Vietnam): britchamvietnam.com
American Chamber of Commerce (Vietnam): amchamvietnam.com
Vietnam Expats Community (Facebook): multiple active groups for HCMC and Hanoi
International Schools: International School of Hanoi, SAIS (HCMC), United Nations International School

Banking & Professional Services MT LT

Vietcombank: vietcombank.com.vn — Nationwide
Techcombank: techcombank.com.vn — Major branches in HCMC & Hanoi
KPMG Vietnam: kpmg.com/vn — Tax & legal consulting
Deloitte Vietnam: deloitte.com/vn — Accounting & corporate services

Public Holidays & Important Dates 2026 ALL

Tết Holiday (Lunar New Year): Jan 29 – Feb 6 (businesses largely closed)
National Founding Day: Sep 2 (public holiday)
Christmas (Dec 25) is not a public holiday; some international businesses observe it
Note: Tết is Vietnam’s most important holiday; plan ahead as many services shut down for 1–2 weeks

City Profiles

Detailed guides to Vietnam’s two major expat destinations

🏙️

Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh)

Vietnam’s largest city · Economic & commercial hub · Premier expat destination

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC, formerly Saigon) is Vietnam’s largest metropolitan area and the primary hub for expats, businesses, and international organizations. Rapid development, a diverse expat community, and robust infrastructure make it the gateway for relocation. The city operates 24/7 with abundant dining, entertainment, and services.

9.5M
Population
Mid-High
Cost Index
Very Strong
Expat Scene

🏠 Best Districts for Expats

DistrictCharacteristicsRent (1-bed, USD)Ideal For
District 1Downtown; business center; nightlife; walkable; central$1,000–$2,500Young professionals, singles, short-term
District 2Upscale residential; villas; quieter; river views; newer expat zone$1,200–$2,500Families, established expats, medium/long-term
District 7Modern; spacious; shopping malls; international schools; family-friendly$1,000–$2,200Families with children, professionals
Binh ThanhTrendy; mixed residential/commercial; cafés; more affordable$700–$1,500Budget-conscious expats, young professionals

💰 Cost of Living (Monthly, Single Person, USD)

CategoryEstimate
Accommodation (1-bed, District 1/2/7)$1,000–$2,000
Food & Dining$250–$400
Transportation (Grab, bus)$60–$100
Utilities & Internet$80–$150
Healthcare & Insurance$200–$400
Entertainment & Miscellaneous$200–$350
Total (Comfortable)$1,800–$3,400/month

🚌 Transport & Getting Around

Grab/Taxi: primary mode of transport; app-based pricing; $0.50–$3 per trip
Local Bus: very cheap ($0.20/trip); chaotic but extensive network
Motorbike rental: common; $40–$80/month; requires IDP and caution in chaotic traffic
Metro (Ben Thanh–Suoi Tien): limited coverage; ongoing expansion through 2030

☕ Daily Life & Culture

HCMC is a vibrant, 24/7 city with world-class dining, rooftop bars, sports leagues, and cultural activities. The expat community numbers 500,000+, making it the largest foreign community in Vietnam. English is widely spoken in business, hospitality, and expat zones. Work culture is dynamic and entrepreneurial. Weather is tropical year-round (25–35°C); wet season May–October brings heavy rain and occasional flooding; dry season November–April brings heat and air quality concerns.

🏥 Healthcare — City Specific

International hospitals: FV Hospital (Dist. 7), Raffles Medical (Dist. 1), Family Medical Practice. All have English-speaking staff and international accreditation. International schools: SAIS, International School of Ho Chi Minh City, Saigon South International. Coworking: Toong, The Factory, Common Ground.

📋 HCMC Pros & Cons

ProsCons
Thriving expat communityHeavy traffic & congestion
World-class dining & entertainmentAir pollution (dry season)
International schools & servicesExpensive relative to Vietnam
Strong job marketFlooding in wet season
24/7 services & convenienceChaotic street environment
Good transport connectionsLimited quiet residential zones
HCMC Settling-In Checklist
Book temporary accommodation (serviced apartment or hotel) for first 2–4 weeks
MT LT
Apply for Temporary Residence Card (TRC) at Dist. 1 Immigration Department (54 Nguyen Hue Blvd)
MT LT
Employer initiates Work Permit application through MOLISA
MT LT
Open bank account (Vietcombank or Techcombank with expat services)
MT LT
Register with Social Security branch through employer
MT LT
Arrange international private health insurance (FV Hospital, Raffles)
ST MT LT
Find permanent housing in District 1, 2, 7, or Binh Thanh
MT LT
Register children in international school (SAIS, ISHCMC — apply early)
LT
Get a local SIM card (Viettel or MobiFone; passport required)
ALL
Download Grab for transport and GrabFood for delivery
ALL
🏛️

Hanoi

Hanoi (Thủ đô Hà Nội)

Vietnam’s capital · Historical & cultural center · More affordable & slower-paced

Hanoi, Vietnam’s capital since 1010, combines rich history, French colonial architecture, and rapid modernization. The city is more affordable than HCMC, offers deep cultural immersion, and maintains a slower pace. Growing expat community, strong educational institutions, and an authentic Vietnamese experience make Hanoi attractive for long-term relocations and those seeking a cultural assignment.

8M
Population
Moderate
Cost Index
Growing
Expat Scene

🏠 Best Districts for Expats

DistrictCharacteristicsRent (1-bed, USD)Ideal For
Tay HoLakeside; upscale villas; main expat enclave; peaceful; good shopping$800–$2,000Families, established expats, professionals seeking calm
Ba DinhGovernment/diplomatic zone; diplomatic villas; quiet; convenient location$900–$1,800Diplomats, families, corporate expats
Hoan KiemOld City; central; walkable; historic; vibrant; tourist area$700–$1,500Young professionals, cultural explorers, short/medium-term
Dong DaResidential; affordable; less touristy; authentic local community feel$500–$1,200Budget expats, students, long-term residents seeking authenticity

💰 Cost of Living (Monthly, Single Person, USD)

CategoryEstimate
Accommodation (1-bed, Tay Ho/Ba Dinh)$800–$1,800
Food & Dining$200–$350
Transportation (Grab, bus)$40–$70
Utilities & Internet$70–$120
Healthcare & Insurance$150–$300
Entertainment & Miscellaneous$150–$300
Total (Comfortable)$1,410–$2,940/month

🚌 Transport & Getting Around

Grab/Taxi: primary mode; slightly cheaper than HCMC; $0.40–$2 per trip
Local Bus: extensive network; very cheap ($0.15/trip); schedules unreliable
Motorbike rental: $30–$60/month; narrower streets than HCMC; exercise caution
Walking: feasible in Hoan Kiem Old City and Tay Ho; traffic hazardous in other areas

☕ Daily Life & Culture

Hanoi has four distinct seasons (unlike southern Vietnam): cool, dry winters (10–20°C, November–April) and hot, rainy summers (25–35°C, May–October). The city is steeped in culture — water puppet theater, temples, the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, and a vibrant café scene. The expat community numbers ~100,000 and is smaller but tight-knit. Less English is spoken outside expat zones. The diplomatic community (embassies, UN agencies) is concentrated in Ba Dinh. Cultural engagement is strong; the city rewards those willing to invest time in understanding Vietnamese history and traditions.

🏥 Healthcare — City Specific

International hospitals: Hanoi French Hospital (Dong Da), Gia An 115 Hospital, Vietnam Japan Hospital. English-speaking staff available at international facilities. International schools: International School of Hanoi (ISH), United Nations International School (UNIS). Banking: All major Vietnamese banks have English-speaking expat services in Hanoi.

📋 Hanoi Pros & Cons

ProsCons
More affordable than HCMCLess expat infrastructure than HCMC
Rich history & cultureLess English spoken outside expat zones
Better weather (cooler winter season)Smaller job market
Slower, more peaceful paceTraffic as chaotic as HCMC
Excellent educational institutionsFewer international restaurants
Strong diplomatic communityLimited nightlife & entertainment vs. HCMC
Hanoi Settling-In Checklist
Book temporary accommodation (serviced apartment or hotel) for first 2–4 weeks
MT LT
Apply for Temporary Residence Card (TRC) at Hanoi Immigration Department (48 Hang Bai St.)
MT LT
Employer initiates Work Permit application through MOLISA Hanoi office
MT LT
Open bank account (Vietcombank, BIDV with English services)
MT LT
Register with Social Security branch through employer
MT LT
Arrange international private health insurance (Hanoi French Hospital, Gia An 115)
ST MT LT
Find permanent housing in Tay Ho (families/professionals) or Ba Dinh (diplomats)
MT LT
Register children in international school (ISH, UNIS — apply early; limited places)
LT
Get a local SIM card (Viettel; passport required); install Grab app
ALL
Connect with local expat community (Facebook groups, International School parent networks)
ALL